What distinguishes refugees from other immigrant categories?

Refugees are defined by their unique circumstances, primarily centered around the fact that they are individuals who have fled their home countries due to a well-founded fear of persecution. This persecution can be based on factors such as race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. The key aspect that distinguishes refugees from other immigrant categories is that they are outside their country and must apply for protection due to serious humanitarian concerns.

This context of being outside the U.S. and having a specific and urgent reason for their immigration—concern for their safety—sets them apart from other types of immigrants who may come for varied reasons, including family reunification or economic opportunity. Unlike some immigrant categories that may have more flexibility in terms of their entry reasons or circumstances, refugees are compelled by dire situations, emphasizing the humanitarian focuses of refugee policies.